![]() The Commission also works with Member States on ways to address and better monitor inequality through the European Semester. Work on further measuring and addressing inequalities is regularly undertaken by the Social Protection Committee. The European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan includes various initiatives aimed, among others at reducing inequality such as the Minimum Wage Directive, the Recommendation on Minimum Income, guidance on increasing the use of ex ante distributional impact assessments in budgetary processes and planning of reforms. The objective to reduce inequalities is reflected in the third principle of the European Pillar of Social Rights, which sets out the right to equal opportunities for all. While the COVID-19 crisis was expected to disproportionally hit households in vulnerable situations, automatic stabilisers and emergency measures contributed to preventing a surge in income inequality. Overall income inequality slightly decreased over the years just before the COVID-19 pandemic, but it increased among poorer people over the last decade, raising concerns about the inclusiveness of economic growth. This highlights public perceptions of unfairness about the impact of public policies on inequalities, which may feed discontent and mistrust towards institutions and governments. In the spring 2021 Eurobarometer survey equality of opportunities was deemed the most important issue for the EU’s economic and social development. The 2017 Eurobarometer survey, before the Covid-19 crisis, showed that overall 84 % of people in Europe thought that income inequality in their country was too high, with 81 % saying that their governments should take measures to reduce it. Inequality has become one of the main concerns for EU citizens. ![]() the extent to which the products are distributed equally in the population in terms of higher disposable income and/or higher quality of life. the persistence of (dis)advantage from parents to children in terms of income, education or health.įinally, we can evaluate inclusiveness of growth, i.e. ![]() It is also possible to evaluate the inequality of opportunity (principle 3 of European Pillar of Social Rights) and its effect on the social mobility, i.e. Inequality can also be assessed as a function of characteristics of a person, such as age, gender or place of residence. While evaluating it, we can look at its outcome, such as income, education, or health. Inequality is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Addressing poverty and supporting social inclusion
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